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| Independence
in Infancy (0-1) |
Independence
in Middle Childhood (5-11) |
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Baby's
temperament |
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Preparing
child for school |
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Comfort
object such as stuffed animal or blanket |
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Personal
hygiene, assigning chores |
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Opportunities
for exploration |
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Firm
rules for safety, stranger safety |
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Limiting
rules and consistently reinforcing them |
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Self-discipline |
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Putting
baby to bed awake |
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Teaching
family rules, respect for authority, right from wrong |
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Friendships |
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Resolving
conflicts, handling anger |
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Family,
team, group activities |
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Reading,
hobbies |
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Positive
interaction with teachers and other adults |
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| Independence
in Early Childhood (1-5) |
Independence
in Adolescence (11-21) |
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Feeding
self and drinking from a cup |
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New
challenges and roles |
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Opportunities
for exploration |
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Clarifying
values and trusting feelings |
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Giving
individual attention |
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Developing
a support system |
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Playing
alone as well as with others |
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Handling
peer pressure, stress |
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Self-care,
self-quieting, self-expression, and choices |
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After-school
jobs and volunteer work |
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Limiting
number of rules and consistently reinforcing them |
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Community
involvement and social responsibility |
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Comfort
object such as stuffed animal or blanket |
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Avoiding
alcohol, tobacco, other drugs |
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Helping
with nightmares and other fears |
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Dating |
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Community
involvement: play groups, preschool, sports |
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Toilet
training when child is ready |
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Assertiveness
without aggression |
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Safety | Eating | Fitness | Oral
Health | Success in School | Confidence
Independence | Responsibility | Family | Community | Health
Charter |
